Ngenxa yokuthi awekho amazinga wamazwe ngamazwe achaza amamaki e-carbide noma izinhlelo zokusebenza, abasebenzisi kufanele bathembele ekwahluleleni kwabo siqu nolwazi oluyisisekelo ukuze baphumelele.#isisekelo
Nakuba igama le-metallurgical elithi "carbide grade" libhekisela ngokuqondile ku-tungsten carbide (WC) efakwe nge-cobalt, leli gama linencazelo ebanzi ekukhiqizeni imishini: i-tungsten carbide ehlanganisiwe ehlanganiswe nezimbotshana nokunye zokwelapha.Isibonelo, ukufakwa okubili okuphendukayo okwenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo ze-carbide kodwa ezinezimbotshana ezihlukile noma ukwelapha ngemuva kokwelashwa kubhekwa njengamamaki ahlukene.Kodwa-ke, akukho ukulinganisa ekuhlukaniseni inhlanganisela ye-carbide ne-coating, ngakho-ke abahlinzeki bamathuluzi okusika abahlukene basebenzisa ukuqokwa okuhlukile nezindlela zokuhlukanisa kumatafula abo webanga.Lokhu kungenza kube nzima kumsebenzisi wokugcina ukuqhathanisa amamaki, inkinga ekhohlisayo ikakhulukazi njengoba ukufaneleka kwebanga le-carbide kuhlelo olunikeziwe kungase kuthinte kakhulu izimo zokusika kanye nempilo yamathuluzi.
Ukuze uzulazule kule maze, umsebenzisi kufanele aqale aqonde ukuthi izinga le-carbide lenziwa ngani nokuthi i-elementi ngayinye ithinta kanjani izici ezihlukene zokukhanda.
Ukusekela kuyizinto ezingenalutho zokufaka ukusika noma ithuluzi eliqinile ngaphansi kokugqoka kanye nokwelashwa ngemva kokwelashwa.Ngokuvamile iqukethe 80-95% WC.Ukunikeza i-substrate izakhiwo ezifiselekayo, abakhiqizi bezinto ezibonakalayo bangeza izakhi ezihlukahlukene ze-alloying kuyo.Isici esiyinhloko se-alloying yi-cobalt (Co) - okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-cobalt kubangela ukuqina okukhulu, kuyilapho okuqukethwe kwe-cobalt ephansi kwandisa ubulukhuni.Ama-substrates aqinile kakhulu angafinyelela ku-1800 HV futhi anikeze ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqoka, kodwa aqinile kakhulu futhi afaneleka kuphela izimo ezinzile kakhulu.I-substrate enamandla kakhulu inobunzima obungaba ngu-1300 HV.Lawa ma-substrates angenziwa kuphela ngomshini ngesivinini esiphansi sokusika, agqoke ngokushesha, kodwa amelana kakhulu nokusikeka okuphazamisekile nezimo ezimbi.
Ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokuqina nokuqina kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu lapho ukhetha ingxubevange yohlelo oluthile.Ukukhetha ibanga elinzima kakhulu kungaholela ekuqhekekeni okuncane konqenqema noma ngisho nokwehluleka okuyinhlekelele.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amamaki anzima kakhulu aguga ngokushesha noma adinga ukuncishiswa kwejubane lokusika, okunciphisa ukukhiqiza.Ithebula 1 linikeza imihlahlandlela eyisisekelo yokukhetha i-durometer efanele:
Iningi lesimanje le-carbide elifakwayo namathuluzi e-carbide ambozwe ngefilimu encane (ama-microns ama-3 kuya kwangu-20 noma ama-intshi angu-0.0001 kuya ku-0.0007).I-coating ngokuvamile iqukethe izingqimba ze-titanium nitride, i-aluminium oxide ne-titanium carbonitride.Lokhu kunamathela kwandisa ubulukhuni futhi kudala umgoqo oshisayo phakathi kwe-cutout ne-substrate.
Noma ithole ukuduma cishe eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ukungeza ukwelashwa okungeziwe ngemuva kokumbozwa sekuphenduke indinganiso yemboni.Lezi zindlela zokwelapha ngokuvamile ziyi-sandblasting noma ezinye izindlela zokupholisha ezishelela ungqimba olungaphezulu futhi zinciphise ukungqubuzana, ngaleyo ndlela zehlise ukukhiqizwa kokushisa.Umehluko wentengo uvamise ukuba mncane futhi ezimweni eziningi ukucubungula ngemva kokucubungula kuyanconywa ekukhethweni okuhlukahlukene.
Ukuze ukhethe ibanga elilungile le-carbide lohlelo oluthile, bheka ikhathalogi yomphakeli noma iwebhusayithi ukuze uthole imiyalelo.Nakuba lingekho izinga elisemthethweni lamazwe ngamazwe, abathengisi abaningi basebenzisa amashadi ukuchaza ububanzi bokusebenza obunconyiwe bamabanga asekelwe “kububanzi” obuvezwa njengenhlanganisela yezinhlamvu ezintathu/izinombolo, njenge-P05-P20.
Uhlamvu lokuqala lubonisa iqembu lezinto ezibonakalayo ngokwezinga le-ISO.Iqembu ngalinye lezinto ezibonakalayo linikezwa uhlamvu nombala ohambisanayo.
Izinombolo ezimbili ezilandelayo zimelela izinga lobunzima bebanga elilinganiselwe, elisukela ku-05 kuye ku-45 ngokunyuka okungu-5. 05 izicelo zidinga ibanga eliqinile elifanele izimo ezivumayo nezizinzile.45 Isicelo esidinga ibanga elinzima elifanele izimo ezinzima nezingazinzile.
Futhi, alikho izinga lalawa manani, ngakho kufanele ahunyushwe njengamanani ahlobene kuthebula lokugreda elithile avela kulo.Isibonelo, ibanga elimakwe ukuthi P10-P20 kumakhathalogi amabili avela kubahlinzeki abahlukene lingase libe nobunzima obuhlukile.
Ngisho nakukhathalogi efanayo, ibanga elimakwe ukuthi P10-P20 etafuleni lebanga eliguqukayo lingase libe nobunzima obuhlukile kunebanga elimakwe ukuthi P10-P20 kuthebula lebanga lokugaya.Lo mehluko wehlela ezimeni ezivumayo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene.Ukuguqula imisebenzi kwenziwa kangcono ngamamaki anzima kakhulu, kodwa lapho ukugaya, izimo ezivumayo zidinga amandla athile ngenxa yemvelo ephakathi.
Ithebula lesi-3 lihlinzeka ngethebula le-hypothetical lamaalloys kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo emisebenzini ehlukahlukene eyinkimbinkimbi yokujika engase ifakwe kuhlu lwekhathalogi yomhlinzeki wamathuluzi okusika.Kulesi sibonelo, isigaba A sinconywa kuzo zonke izimo zokuphenduka, kodwa hhayi ekusikeni okuphazamisayo okunzima, kuyilapho isigaba D sinconywa ngokuphenduka okuphazamisayo okunzima nezinye izimo ezingezinhle kakhulu.Amathuluzi afana ne-MachiningDoctor.com's Grades Finder angasesha amamaki esebenzisa lesi saziso.
Njengoba nje lingekho izinga elisemthethweni lobubanzi bekilasi, alikho izinga elisemthethweni lokuqokwa kwekilasi.Kodwa-ke, iningi labahlinzeki abakhulu abafaka i-carbide balandela imihlahlandlela ejwayelekile yokuqokwa kwebanga labo.Amagama “akudala” akufomethi yezinhlamvu eziyisithupha ethi BBSSNN, lapho:
Incazelo engenhla ilungile ezimweni eziningi.Kodwa njengoba lokhu kungeyona indinganiso ye-ISO/ANSI, abanye abathengisi bazenzela ezabo izinguquko ohlelweni, futhi kuwukuhlakanipha ukuqaphela lezi zinguquko.
Amabanga adlala indima ebalulekile ekuguquleni izinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphezu kwanoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo.Ngakho-ke, lapho uphequlula ikhathalogi yanoma iyiphi ikhathalogi, ingxenye eguqukayo izoba nokukhethwa okukhulu kwamamaki.
Lolu hlu olubanzi lwamabanga aguqukayo luwumphumela wezinhlobonhlobo zemisebenzi yokuguqula.Lesi sigaba sisukela ekusikeni okuqhubekayo (lapho unqenqema lokusika luhlala lubandakanya ucezu lokusebenza futhi aluthinteki, kodwa lukhiqiza ukushisa okuningi) kuya ekusikeni okuphazamisekile (lapho kuvela khona imithelela enamandla).
Ibanga elibanzi lamabanga aguqukayo nalo lihlotshaniswa nobubanzi obuhlukene bokukhiqiza, ukusuka ku-1/8″ (3mm) wemishini yohlobo lwe-swiss ukuya ku-100″ ukuze kusetshenziswe izimboni ezinzima.Ngenxa yokuthi isivinini sokusika siphinde sincike kububanzi, amamaki ahlukene ayadingeka alungiselelwe isivinini esiphansi noma esiphezulu sokusika.
Abahlinzeki abakhulu bavame ukunikeza amamaki ochungechunge ahlukene eqenjini ngalinye lezinto ezibonakalayo.Amabanga ochungechungeni ngalunye asukela kuzinto eziqinile zokusika okuphazamisekile ukuya ezintweni eziqinile zokusika okuqhubekayo.
Lapho kugaywa, ibanga lamabanga anikezwayo lincane.Ngenxa yemvelo yesikhashana yohlelo, amathuluzi okugaya adinga amamaki aqinile anokumelana nomthelela ophezulu.Ngesizathu esifanayo, ukugqoka kufanele kube mncane, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kumelane nomthelela.
Abahlinzeki abaningi bazogaya amaqoqo ezinto ezihlukene anama-backings aqinile nama-coatings ahlukene.
Lapho kuhlukaniswa noma kugudluzwa, ukukhetha kwebanga kukhawulelwe ngenxa yezici zejubane lokusika.Okusho ukuthi, ububanzi buba buncane njengoba ukusika kusondela phakathi nendawo.Ngakho-ke, ijubane lokusika liyancipha kancane kancane.Lapho usika ubheke phakathi nendawo, ijubane ligcina lifinyelele ku-zero ekupheleni kokusikwa, futhi ukusebenza kuba yishear esikhundleni sokusikwa.
Ngakho-ke, ikhwalithi yokuhlukanisa kufanele ihambisane nesivinini esibanzi sokusika, futhi i-substrate kufanele ibe namandla ngokwanele ukuze imelane ne-shear ekupheleni komsebenzi.
Ama-grooves angajulile ahlukile kwezinye izinhlobo.Ngenxa yokufana nokujika, abahlinzeki abanokukhethwa okubanzi kokufakwa kwe-grooving bavame ukunikeza uhla olubanzi lwamabanga kumaqembu athile abalulekile nezimo.
Lapho ubhoboza, ijubane lokusika phakathi nendawo yokubhoboza lihlala liziro, kuyilapho isivinini sokusika endaweni ezungezile sincike kububanzi bomshini wokubhoboza kanye nesivinini sokujikeleza kwe-spindle.Amabanga alungiselelwe isivinini esikhulu sokusika awafaneleki futhi akufanele asetshenziswe.Abathengisi abaningi banikeza izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela.
Izitolo eziningi zenza iphutha lokucabanga ukuthi amathuluzi athuthukile ayi-plug-and-play.Lawa mathuluzi angangena kubaphathi bamathuluzi akhona futhi aze alingane kumshini wegobolondo ofanayo noma amaphakethe aphendukayo njengokufakwa kwe-carbide, kodwa kulapho ukufana kuphela khona.
Ama-Powders, izingxenye, kanye nemikhiqizo kuyindlela ehlukene izinkampani eziphusha ngayo ukukhiqiza okungeziwe.I-Carbide namathuluzi okusika yizindawo ezihlukene zempumelelo.
Uchungechunge lwe-Ceratizit WTX-HFDS lokuprakthiza lusindise i-OWSI imizuzu engu-3.5 ingxenye ngayinye emisebenzini eyinkimbinkimbi futhi lwaqeda ngokuphelele imisebenzi engabalulekile, okwandisa inzuzo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-21-2023